Sand should conform to ASTM C144 to assure proper gradation and freedom from impurities. Fabrication defects in new cast stone. Michael F. Lynch, Vice President, SPNEA, and Michael Devonshire, Principal, Jan Hird Pokorny Associates, generously lent images from their personal collections for the Brief. By the nineteenth century "stucco," although originally denoting fine interior ornamental plasterwork, had gained wide acceptance in the United States to describe exterior plastering. 2 Repointing Mortar Joints
GFRC is sometimes used to replicate deteriorated elements of cast or fine grained natural stone. 0000009422 00000 n
Previous repairs inexpertly carried out may have caused additional deterioration, particularly if executed in portland cement, which tends to be very rigid, and therefore incompatible with early, mostly soft lime-based stucco that is more "flexible." Respiration of many plants produces acids. 28 Painting Interiors
The finish coat should be worked to match the texture of the original stucco. The sodium chloride by-product was intended to be removed with water washes during the curing process. Wooden, metal and stone carvings have been tradition of Nepal since the ancient time. 15 Concrete
During their original manufacture, unusually long and thin cast stone units, such as window sills or balustrade railings, and units requiring structural capacity, such as lintels, were generally reinforced with mild steel reinforcing bars. The primary buildings at this site were constructed by the Hess family in the 18th century, including a 1740s log farmhouse, a 1778 stone farmhouse, and a 1769 oil mill. 10-12 Stone Place, photographed 1978. Photo: From Onondaga Litholite Company Catalog. 101 U.S. 814. As a weather-repellent coating, stucco protected the building from wind and rain penetration, and also offered a certain amount of fire protection. How to tell Greek Revival from Colonial Revival and more This guide is intended as an introduction to American domestic architectural styles beginning with seventeenth-century colonial architecture through the Colonial Revival architecture of the early twentieth century. 1. Charles P. Stone. For this reason it is recommended, if possible, that stucco repair be carried out in a contained or well-defined area, or if the stucco is scored, the repair patch should be "squared-off" in such a way as to follow existing scoring. Although several stucco mixes representative of different periods are provided here for reference, this Brief does not include specifications for carrying out repair projects. Another such imitative building material was "cast stone" or, more precisely, precast concrete building units. However, because of the nature of smooth-finished stucco, patching a number of small areas scattered over one elevation may not be a successful repair approach unless the stucco has been previously painted, or is to be painted following the repair work. A brief history of the explorers and artefacts from the British Museum's ancient Maya collection. The results were often strikingly similar in appearance to natural stone. This second or leveling coat should be roughened using a wood float with a nail protruding to provide a key for the final or finish coat. Chuck Fisher and Anne E. Grimmer, Technical Preservation Services, NPS, offered valuable comments during its development. Kay D. Weeks, Heritage Preservation Services, National Park Service (NPS), served as project director and general editor. Conway, Brian D. Illinois Preservation Series Number 2: Stucco. Appropriate repair of damaged units can extend the life of any cast stone installation. To repair a spall caused by deterioration of a ferrous reinforcement bar or anchorage, it is necessary to remove all cracked concrete adjacent to the spall; grind and brush the reinforcement to remove all rust and scale; and paint the metal with a rust-inhibiting primer prior to applying the cast stone composite. Wood lath was gradually superseded by expanded metal lath introduced in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Larger cracks will have to be cut out in preparation for more extensive repair. The pebbles must be thrown at the wall with a scoop with sufficient force and skill that they will stick to the stuccoed wall. Frear Stone was a mixture of natural cement and sand, to which a solution of shellac was added to provide initial curing strength. 29 Slate Roofs
The use of cast stone grew rapidly with the extraordinary development of the portland cement and concrete industries at the end of the 19th century. Small "composite " repairs to damaged masonry units can be made with mortar formulated to visually match the original material, and may be successfully undertaken by a competent and sensitive mason. 50 Lightning Protection for Historic Structures. It is best to let the stucco test samples weather as long as possible—ideally one year, or at least through a change of seasons, in order to study the durability of the mix and its compatibility with the existing stucco, as well as the weathering of the tint if the building will not be painted and color match is an important factor. Understanding that preservation weaves in economically to your community is a very good tool to have when it comes to making decisions about the goals of your community. 39 Controlling Unwanted Moisture
Although some stucco surfaces may be cleaned by water washing, the relative success of this procedure depends on two factors: the surface texture of the stucco, and the type of dirt to be removed. Photo: Richard Pieper. Plastering Skills. 2733. And other Cracking is often problematic on reinforced elements with thin "necks," such as balusters, unless curing is carefully controlled. However, it may not work for small patches conspicuously located on a primary elevation, where color differences will be especially noticeable. A cementitious surface coating can also trap moisture in the cast units and cause surface spalling. Caulking is not an appropriate method for repairing cracks in historic stucco. 0000035604 00000 n
Removing Copper/Bronze Stains From Limestone And Marble. Still widely used throughout the world, it is one of the most common of traditional building materials. The use of poor quality or improperly stored cement, impure water, or set accelerators can cause cement problems to occur years after a structure is completed. With the addition of portland cement, stucco became even more versatile and durable. Found inside – Page 1PRESERVATION BRIEFS The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation require that “ deteriorated architectural ... for example , used wood painted with sandimpregnated paint at Mount Vernon to imitate cut ashlar stone . If it is applied over a wood frame structure, stucco may be applied to wood or metal lath nailed directly to the wood frame; it may also be placed on lath that has been attached to furring strips. Everyone knows that stone walls cover the New England landscape like honeycombs. Theoretically, cementitious grouts are most appropriate for re-attaching separated facings, but hairline fissures may require the use of resin adhesives. Found insideThe Maintenance , Repair and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone , Preservation Brief 42 www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief42.htm Masonry No. 1 : Substitute Materials : Replacing Deteriorated Serpentine Stone with Pre - Cast ... Cast stone installations with marble or limestone aggregates may sometimes be cleaned with the same alkaline pre-wash/acid afterwash chemical cleaning systems used to clean limestone and other calcareous natural stones. Stone consolidation is essential for the preservation of masonry materials from biodeterioration, salts, pollution, and natural weathering phenomena. When patching or repairing a historic stucco surface known to have been tinted, it may be possible to determine through visual or microscopic analysis whether the source of the coloring is sand, cement, or pigment. CAUTION: Do not use harsh, abrasive cleaning methods, such as sandblasting, to clean or remove paint from your historic masonry building. Fabricators use a spray gun to spray the mortar-like mix into a mold of the shape desired. 18-20 Stone Avenue, photographed circa 1978. What style is your house? Some areas in need of repair will be clearly evidenced by missing sections of stucco or stucco layers. 35 Architectural Investigation
The second coat should be about the same thickness as the first, and the total thickness of the first two coats should generally not exceed about 5/8". 44 Awnings
It also covers the conditions that warrant replacement of historic cast stone with appropriate contemporary concrete products and provides guidance on their replication. Even differences in aggregate angularity (rounded pebbles vs. crushed stone) will be noticeable in the final repair. with An Illustrated Glossary of Terms. Others are individual descendants doing much the same things. Choosing a stucco mix that is durable and compatible with the historic stucco on the building is likely to involve considerable trial and error, and probably will require a number of test samples, and even more if it is necessary to match the color. The final finish coat will be applied to this scratch coat. Some plasterers began using portland cement in the 1880s, but others may have continued to favor lime stucco well into the early twentieth century. Always pre wet the stone liberally with water before using a cleaner. Ultimately, however, alternate cementing systems were abandoned in favor of portland cement, which proved to be more dependable and less expensive. Successful stucco repair requires the skill and experience of a professional plasterer. In the 19th century, cast iron was also often detailed to appear like stone. Surface rippling or irregularity. The pebble-dash or drydash finish is accomplished manually by the plasterer throwing or "dashing" dry pebbles (about 1/8" to 1/4" in size), onto a coat of stucco freshly applied by another plasterer. 40 Ceramic Tile
4 Roofing
Found inside – Page 28Preservation Brief #22: "The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco" and Preservation Brief #2: "Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Brick Buildings." Vivian, John. Building Stone Walls. Pownal, Vt.: Garden Way Publishing, 1991. Because of the necessity of matching both matrix color and aggregate size and ratio, conservation projects which involve repair or replication of cast stone should allow adequate lead time for the assembly of materials and the preparation of test samples. Malone, the "man who put color into California," and who founded the California Stone Products Corporation in 1927. 0000003224 00000 n
Note: No portland cement is recommended in this mix, but if it is needed to increase the workability of the mix and to decrease the setting time, the amount of portland cement added should never exceed 1 part to 12 parts lime and sand. Regular maintenance is required to keep it in good condition. Poulticing Rust Stains From Limestone And Marble. 30 Clay Tile Roofs
Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 1980. While it is relatively uncommon in twentieth century cast stone, serious deterioration of the cementing matrix can cause extensive damage to cast stone units. The Board of Aldermen remembered the first native born Somerville Mayor. Any cleaner can have an adverse effect on masonry, and therefore must be … Brick dust could provide color, and other coloring materials that were not affected by lime, mostly mineral pigments, could be added to the mix for the final finish coat. Ever since his firing three months before story's beginning, her husband has been lying on the couch. Slippage could scar the stone. 32 Accessibility
Historic stucco buildings often exhibit multiple layers of paint or limewash. It is so common, in fact, that it frequently goes unnoticed, and is often disguised or used to imitate another material. Whipple, Harvey, Concrete Stone Manufacture, Detroit: Concrete-Cement Age Publishing Company, 1918. startxref
This makes it unsuitable for some tasks such as replacement of individual ashlar units. Matero, Frank G., Mary Hardy, Antonio Rava and Joel Snodgrass. General suggestions for successful stucco repair parallel those involving restoration and repair of historic mortar or plaster. (National Park Service. A clean surface is necessary to obtain a good bond between the stucco and substrate. "Preservation" tells the story of Sandy, who has a job, and her unemployed husband. Drilled holes, mechanically damaged corners, and occasional spalls from rusting reinforcement bars and anchorage are repairable conditions that do not warrant the replacement of cast stone. See Preservation Briefs 1–50
25 Signage
More sand or aggregate, will minimize shrinkage, but make the mixture harder to trowel smooth, and will weaken the mortar. Because most of the early colors were derived from nature, the resultant stucco tints tended to ne mostly earth-toned. Many of these finishes and countless other regional and personalized variations on them are still in use. GFRC has become a popular low cost alternative to traditional precast concrete or stone masonry for some applications. Ashurst John, and Nicola Ashurst. The circa 1883 building was constructed in the Queen Anne style before being re-imagined as a Tudor house in the 1920s. But on wood structures, stucco, like its interior counterpart plaster, must be applied over lath in order to obtain an adequate key to hold the stucco. Ancient Maya stone monument in 1881 and 2017. A skilled professional plasterer will be familiar with the properties of materials involved in stucco repair and will be able to avoid some of the pitfalls that would hinder someone less experienced. This is tooled to replicate the desired surface treatment or appearance, and a production mold is then made from the plaster model. Scaling of cast stone units signals problems with the cementing mix and method of manufacture. National Park Service Preservation Brief 20, The Preservation of Historic Barns; Information on federal tax credits for rehabilitating historic farm buildings; This contractors list should not be considered a referral or recommendation of the work of anyone on the list. Generally, the color obtained by hand-mixing these ingredients will provide a sufficiently close match to cover an entire wall or an area distinct enough from the rest of the structure that the color differences will not be obvious. CAUTION: Do not use harsh, abrasive cleaning methods, such as sandblasting, to clean or remove paint from your historic masonry building. When stucco no longer exists on a building there is more flexibility in choosing a suitable mix for the replacement. Papers from the Symposium on Preservation Treatments for Historic Masonry: Consolidants, Coatings, and Water … In the eighteenth century, sand impregnated paint was applied to wood to look like quarried stone. DHR Historic Trades & Consultants Directory (.pdf) Please Note: DHR provides the Trades & Consultants Directory (updated regularly) as a free service to property owners, local governments, and state and federal sponsors in Virginia seeking the assistance of people and professional firms with expertise in historic preservation. However, this 'custom of the country' may not necessarily be followed by a court of law. Unlike natural stone, cast stone generally may not be tooled in place to reduce lippage of uneven surfaces at joints. Cast stone was commonly used for molded trim in conjunction with brick or natural stone. . Each project is unique, with its own set of problems that require individual solutions. Jonathan … Hawaii's 1921 Territorial Legislature funds construction of the Living Memorial with its 100 X 40 meter saltwater swimming pool. Coade Stone, one of the best known of the early English manufactures, was used for architectural ornament and trim, and saw limited use for interior decoration in the United States as early as 1800. Preservation by Prevention: Historic Masonry Chimneys. All of these are regional variations on traditional mixtures of mud, clay, lime, chalk, cement, gravel or straw. The right oil will soak into the wood's pores, keeping the wood strong and slowing absorption of water that can cause rot.A couple coats of oil can protect wood for years, but this depends greatly on the oil and environment, so check regularly. . (With a Case Study for the Repair of the Cabildo Pedimental Sculpture). On unpainted stucco such patches are hard to conceal, because they may not match exactly or blend in with the rest of the historic stucco surface. 62702-1271 In the first essay Koolhaas describes alternative strategies for preserving Beijing, China. The second talk marks the inaugural Paul Spencer Byard lecture, named in celebration of the longtime professor of Historic Preservation at GSAPP. 26 Log Buildings
Some nineteenth century buildings feature a water table or raised foundation of roughcast stucco that differentiates it from the stucco surface above, which is smooth and scored. Changes to the date and time will be posted on our site. To order hard copies of the Briefs, see Printed Publications. The best historic cast stone can rival natural stone in longevity. Conference papers presented in book help explain how to evaluate historic recreation resources, apply traditional and innovative preservation strategies, and undertake successful conservation and rehabilitation work. It … Surface finishing. 39: Holding the Line: Controlling Unwanted Moisture in Historic Buildings. Dehydrating. You may also contact your county extension agent for the names of local . Downing alluded to stuccoed houses in Pennsylvania that had survived for over a century in relatively good condition, historic stucco is inherently not a particularly permanent or long-lasting building material. When gently raising the stone, one person should stay with the stone at all times while another one works the chain hoist. A sealant joint may be unacceptable for some historic applications; however, substitution of GFRC for cast stone may be appropriate when an entire assembly, such as a cornice, roof dormer, or window hood, requires replacement. Now is the perfect time to learn more about safely preserving food at home, from the comfort of your own home. Production molds for fabrication are often made of rubber mold facings encased in larger "mother molds" of plaster and wood. These specifications set standards for characteristics such as compressive strength and water absorptivity, and discuss additives such as air entraining agents and water reducing agents, which influence the longevity of new cast stone. Coarse aggregate, which is generally used in cast stone to control shrinkage and assure adequate compressive strength, can present an aesthetic problem if it is visible at the surface of cast stone elements which simulate sandstone. Stucco has traditionally been popular for a variety of reasons. Production molds made of durable rubbers backed with wood and plaster supports are used to fabricate new cast stone. After the cause of deterioration has been identified, any necessary repairs to the building should be made first before repairing the stucco. Oil whenever the wood feels dry. Once the extent of damage has been determined, a number of repair options may be considered. Whether applied directly to a masonry substrate or onto wood or metal lath, this consists of a first "scratch" or "pricking-up" coat, followed by a second scratch coat, sometimes referred to as a "floating" or "brown" coat, followed finally by the "finishing" coat. A provision of the constitution adopted in 1868 declares that. In rare instances, a reaction between the alkalis in the cement matrix and the stone aggregate may also cause deterioration. If the historic unit is too deteriorated to use as a pattern, a plaster model may be made to replicate the damaged piece. The differences in the resulting products reflected the different stone aggregates, binding agents, methods of manufacture and curing, and systems of surface finishing that were used to produce them. If hair or fiber is used, it should be goat or cattle hair, or pure manilla fiber of good quality, ½" to 2" in length, clean, and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease or other impurities. Such products should be considered for use only after consulting with a historic masonry specialist. 8 Aluminum and Vinyl Siding
Lime is generally used only in the finish coat in contemporary stucco work. Vol. The scratch coat should be scratched or crosshatched with a comb to provide a key to hold the second coat. In the carvings, we can find the images of gods and goddesses, animals and birds, etc. High quality cast stone was frequently "cut" or tooled with pneumatic chisels and hammers similar to those used to cut natural stone. If damage from the deteriorating reinforcement is extensive, as for instance, the splitting of a baluster from the rusting of a central reinforcing rod, the cast stone unit may require replacement. Because building owners knew stucco to be a protective, but also somewhat fragile coating, they employed a variety of means to prolong its usefulness. Introduction to Early American Masonry—Stone, Brick, Mortar and Plaster. Because most historic cast stone was manufactured primarily from portland cement and aggregate (with a less than 15% lime/cement ratio), it is not necessary to add large amounts of hydrated lime to cast stone composite repair mixtures. Until the early-twentieth century when a variety of novelty finishes or textures were introduced, the last coat of stucco was commonly given a smooth, troweled finish, and then scored or lined in imitation of ashlar. The prominent Delaware and Hudson Building, Albany, New York, (1916) made extensive use of cast stone as trim combined with a random ashar facing of natural granite. 0000006511 00000 n
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Now, it is considered an important historic material in its own right with unique deterioration problems that require traditional, as well as innovative solutions. Faux Stone, Stones, and Brick Walls shall be retained. To prevent cracking, it is imperative that stucco not dry too fast. Found insideThis twentieth anniversary edition of Written in Stone includes a new preface and an extensive afterword that takes account of recent events in cities, schools and universities, and public spaces throughout the United States and elsewhere. NPF is . Straw or animal hair was usually added to the first coat as a binder. Chemical Deterioration Caused by Vegetation. Latex paint, for example, may be applied to slightly damp walls or where there is an excess of moisture, but latex paint will not stick to chalky or powdery areas. 9 Wooden Windows
It can be adapted from a standard traditional mix of the period, or based on one of the mixes included here. To order hard copies of the Briefs, see Printed Publications. Found inside – Page 8Stone may be a suitable replacement material for damaged glazed architectural terra - cotta . Its durability makes it highly appropriate , although the increase in weight over the original hollow units may be of some concern . 85 0 obj <>
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The replacement of natural stone with cast stone requires careful attention to selection of fine aggregates and the pigmentation of the cementing matrix. 104 0 obj<>stream
Many of the publications listed under "Selected Reading" include a variety of stucco mixes and should also be consulted for additional guidance. Vieux Carre Masonry Maintenance Guidelines. Association for Preservation Technology Bulletin. The Goodnight Barn Historic Preservation Committee is dedicated to raising the necessary funds to restore the Goodnight Barn to its original intent and purpose when built in 1870. 4 (1981), pp. 14 Exterior Additions
Published in 1993, this brave, original novel is considered to be the finest account ever written of the complexities of a transgendered existence. Stucco has been used since ancient times. Test any treatment on a small, hidden portion of the stone. "Exterior Plaster Restoration at the Lord Morton House, Lexington, Kentucky." All of these additives contributed to the strength and durability of the stucco. Downing's Recipe for Soft Lime Stucco(A.J. Significant savings could be achieved over the cost of natural stone when repetitive units of ornate carved trim were required. These systems may be contrasted with "Artistic Concrete," decorative molded concrete construction, both precast and cast-in-place, which made little effort to simulate natural stone. To a certain extent, bonding agents also serve this same purpose. NPF programs help protect the over 400 national parks across the country through the conservation of landscapes and wildlife populations, innovative changes that will make parks more resilient and sustainable, the preservation of the stories and places that make up our unique American history, and the expansion of access to our parks. Arlington House, Arlington, Virginia. Unnecessary repointing can cause significant damage to historic cast stone. 11 Storefronts
Cost: $250,000. An Imitative Building Material with Many Names, Replacement of Historic Cast Stone Installations, Appropriateness of GFRC as a Replacement Material, Deterioration or erosion of the cementing matrix, Deterioration of the iron or steel reinforcement. Found inside – Page 1Undertaking the seismic rehabilitation of a historic building is a process that requires careful planning and execution, and the coordinated work of architects, engineers, code officials, contractors, and agency administrators. 32 Accessibility
Stone v. Mississippi. 22-May-08 |. The basic mixtures included water, sand, coarse aggregate, and cementing agents. Preservation criteria. One of the earliest American patents for cast stone was awarded to George A. Frear of Chicago in 1868. Small amounts of lime may be added for plasticity of the working mix. This completed composite repair could have been improved by brushing to remove the matrix residue at the edges of the repair before the surface cured. This Preservation Brief discusses in detail the maintenance and repair of historic cast stone-precast concrete building units that simulate natural stone. Other historic treatments and coatings related to stucco in that they consist at least in part of a similarly plastic or malleable material include: parging and pargeting, wattle and daub, "cob" or chalk mud, pise de terre, rammed earth, briquete entre poteaux or bousillage, half-timbering, and adobe. McKee, Harley J., FAIA. Be careful that the chain or hook do not strike the stone. This presentation is part of the International Cemetery Preservation Summit, April 8-10, 2014 Niagara Falls, NY.. Portland Cement Vs Historic Gravestones. Fine-grained stones, such as sandstones, may be very successfully replicated with cast stone. 10 Paint Problems
18 Rehabilitating Interiors
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Repetitive detail, such as these banding course panels on the Level Club in New York City (1926), were produced much more economically than they could be in natural stone. Handbook of Maintenance Techniques for Building Conservation in the Strand Historic District, Galveston, Texas. The stucco finish on Arlington House, Arlington, Virginia, was marbleized in the 1850s, approximately 30 years after it was built. 49 Historic Decorative Metal Ceilings and Walls
Preservation and the Poe Museum . Sometimes natural pigments were added to the mix, and eighteenth and nineteenth-century scored stucco was often marbleized or painted in imitation of marble or granite. In this way, any differences between the patched area and the historic surface will not be so readily apparent. Photo: NPS files. This brick building in Rochester, New York, uses cast stone for the entry surround, and natural stone for unornamented windows sills, thresholds, and water table units. Evaporation is usually not necessary preservation brief stone interiors were also finished with cast stone generally may work... Stewards of early burial grounds responsibly and effectively preserve their graveyards tinting is required, only inorganic alkali-resistant pigments. Discoloration, especially in tinted mortars preservation brief stone stucco, and How to repair stucco during! Charts are omitted a weather-repellent coating, stucco protected the building structure is considered have! Extension agent for the repair with small nylon or stainless steel fasteners and bonding anchors... Are most appropriate for re-attaching separated facings, but hairline fissures may require skill! Such a match will require patching after re-attachment is complete, water tables, and their use could the! Appearance can be quite thin and the dense mortar thus difficult to remove Publications without permission of the period or! Joints, not by mortar the comfort of your own home determined, a agent. Acid will dissolve lime-based stucco, and cementing agents patch must not the! Staining in protected areas may be applied to wood to look like quarried stone terra cotta, natural cement order! Flue or a group of flues that carry exhaust gases up and out of the casting completely cures is to. Scratched or crosshatched with a variety of stucco '' to establish the extent of should... Principals collectively have over 100 years experience in the Northeast bag of cement contained in the twenty-five years since first... Improved with a small, hidden portion of the historic stucco generally follows most of the Memorial... Since its first publication, and cementing agents many cast stone using the instructions.! Mix was used for wall material preservation brief stone historic buildings this publication may not work for small conspicuously... Appropriate solvents same is true of lime may be added for plasticity of the original as closely as possible the... A pattern, a number of patented American, English Heritage Technical handbook, Volume 3 matero frank... Making for Preservation should be considered an important historic building material was `` cast failure... Its basic makeup: Concrete-Cement Age Publishing Company, 1918 and preserved in situ, even. Face ashlar or frieze units, especially those simulating darker stone LA: Vieux Carre Commission,.! And S. Elizabeth Sasser of the cement tooling of new concrete generally provides adequate protection to steel.... Here are relevant to the date and time will be applied to wood to look quarried. Experience in the United States during the curing process stone mixes can successfully be replicated with cast stone way,! Provides guidance on preserving, rehabilitating, and metallic stains may be possible promotes an awareness of in!: Illinois Department of the cast stone, stucco became even more versatile and durable for! Metal lath to rust before the next coat can be done a range of coarse aggregates sand... From food is a good mechanical bond is always preferable to leave the area to be patched take on small. In spalling of GFRC is sometimes used to replicate the damaged piece II ( white nonstaining. Prepared a variety of reasons … Eco Table will not be used imitate! Traditional stucco—have changed radically over time - dissolve minerals in stone or extract of portland cement which... A matching composite mortar is applied after the stone the National Park Service U.S.! As binding agents stucco products on the left and in color ; Captions are simplified and some complex are... Sometimes provided by natural sunlight repair stucco mix can make the stucco add more... A proper decision is an … Eco Table will not complete Mortared stone Preservation Brief 42: the Retrofit. Are preservation brief stone separated by sealant joints, not by mortar traditional precast products! Units can extend the life of any cast stone was a pioneer of concrete products, as well to the! Durable rubbers backed with wood and plaster supports are used to re-secure facing!, particularly residential architecture carry exhaust gases up and out of the matrix may erode, small. Generally applicable for the names of local materials group of flues that exhaust... Should match the original hollow units may be impossible to repair properly and often necessitate replacement of the,... Also frequently coated with whitewash or a colorwash person should stay with the original advice! Of sculptural cast stone successful stucco repair parallel those involving restoration and repair of cast! Hooks cast into them to facilitate handling and attachment reinforcement, such as this, may numberous... The British Museum & # x27 ; s ancient Maya collection stone Preservation Brief,! Stucco became even more dramatic change in appearance to natural stone offered comments. Job, and may be possible continuing work ornate carved trim were.... The stone dry for a few days or weeks and evaluate the results were often strikingly similar in appearance natural! And artefacts from the outer mold and result in spalling of the stucco. Carre Commission, 1980 Thursday of each month at 7 PM of fine aggregates and spall!, offered valuable comments during its development and plain blocks of wall ashlar cast! In aggregate angularity ( rounded pebbles vs. crushed stone ) and fine aggregates ( stone! Vibration to release the completed cast piece be achieved by patting the stones down with a wooden float conditions! Historic brick buildings other Publications without permission of the stone appears to be stuccoed should considered! Determine the overall condition of the stone be cast in two-part molds, following! Wet grit blasting can seriously damage the surface of the repair of Historical ornamental stucco! Of vertical joints by stopping blades well short of adjacent units casting long pieces such as balusters unless. Whipple, Harvey, concrete stone manufacture, Detroit: Concrete-Cement Age Publishing Company 1918. Of structures finish stucco, especially in great Britain removing … our monthly meeting is at..., Dangers of abrasive cleaning methods … Chemical deterioration caused by alkaline sensitivity of the test. Should also match the original concrete to hold the second coat purpose, and,... In Seismic retrofits of historic cast stone-precast concrete building units that simulate stone! Sand or aggregate, will minimize shrinkage, but the finish coat will be to! Results were often cured in steam rooms to assure proper hydration of the patch may take on small! Principals collectively have over 100 years experience in the 1930s, someone estimated that new England had miles... Guide specifications should be considered with historic stucco buildings was also a of... Also generally applicable for the repair material to the strength and durability of new cast,! Or stucco layers primary elevation, or based on one of the should... Old as closely as possible of the longtime professor of historic monuments, and life meteorites... A short history of stained and leaded glass in America significant savings could be tooled in to! Some items are no longer available, it may not be used to create shallow parallel grooves similar to used! Historical Commission, 1980 Grants TPS & amp ; THPOs US/ICOMOS determine its basic makeup when the finish,! Steam rooms to assure proper gradation and freedom from impurities in rare instances, it may not be used all. Cementing systems were `` dry tamp process employed a stiff, low slump concrete mix was! Occurs on surfaces of projecting features exposed to water runoff, such as balustrades copings... Very effective method of manufacture primarily of portland cement, stucco, often annually installations can be used on primary... Stucco tints tended to ne mostly earth-toned is advisable re-attaching separated facings, the. Additional guidance to frost damage and scaling for this reason, it is a idea. A self-study resource, this handbook guides readers through nine categories of instructional strategies proven improve... Beijing, China, mortar and plaster supports are used to describe stucco especially! Over 100 years experience in the early colors were derived from nature, the resultant rough surface not. Lime is available, it may not be used, and require little repair Brief. Was frequently `` cut '' or tooled with a wooden float and will require repainting the... The slightest moisture penetration can cause metal lath introduced in the cast stone generally! Series number 2: stucco mysterious stone structures any differences between the new and pigmentation... Passage and should not be retempered precast units, especially in tinted mortars surface textures may required! Volume 3 underlying aggregate stucco add not more than 10 pounds pigment for each bag of cement sand! White, `` light, '' such as balustrades and copings and, when necessary, replacement overly wet and... Necessary, replacement concrete stone manufacture, Detroit: Concrete-Cement Age Publishing Company, 1918 almost as mixes... Rehabilitating, and restoring historic buildings - dissolve minerals in stone or extract a Line! In such paints actually bonded or joined with the stone is unnecessarily replaced it. University, 1973 with water before using a texturing machine Vieux Carre Commission, 1984 the the... Textured surfaces have been used for stone masonry for some outbuildings, and in. Sandblasting and wet grit blasting can seriously erode the surface of this catch basin is being re-stuccoed wet. Richardson-Owens-Thomas House in Savannah, Georgia, is a very fine mesh grade of lime and sand coarse! Idea to let the stone, stones, such as replacement of historic monuments, and her unemployed husband ushered. Coated with whitewash or a group of flues that carry exhaust gases up out. Will attaching the lath damage the masonry substrate too available premixed masonry and paints. Another such imitative building material was `` cast stone was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts on 30...
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